The pH, or the acidity or alkalinity of an environment, has long been known to affect how efficiently catalysts drive key ...

The pH of the culture medium is a critical process parameter in cell culture bioprocesses. To successfully transfer processes between bioprocess systems and sites (i.e., in the course of process ...

As with many chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction increases as the temperature increases. However, at high temperatures the rate decreases again because the enzyme becomes ...

Water molecules can break down into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. \(H_{2}O(l)\rightleftharpoons H^{+}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\) This is a reversible reaction. A small proportion of water molecules break up ...